Knee fracture involves a break in one or more of the bones of the knee joint (patella, tibia and femur).
The symptoms of knee fracture are similar to those associated with any other broken bone. They include acute pain, swelling and bruising, deformity of the knee, and severe limitations in mobility and joint range of motion.
Knee fractures are most commonly the result of direct trauma, although the severity of injury can be affected by conditions which affect the structural integrity of the bone, such as osteoporosis or cancer, or by the presence of infection.
Less commonly, fractures can be caused by excessive rotational force, like that associated with pivoting or twisting. This is particularly true of fractures of the upper part of the tibia. Rarer still, are fractures which occur ‘spontaneously’ during normal activities.
Typically, knee fractures are treated surgically within days of the injury. However, some non-displaced, stable and hairline fractures may be managed without surgery and, for some patients, immediate surgery may be precluded.
Where this is the case, a cast or brace may be fitted to immobilise the leg during the healing process. Avoiding weightbearing, and keeping the affected limb elevated when possible, can help to minimise associated swelling, while physiotherapy can be used to restore strength and range of motion once the fracture is healed.
Surgery is typically neccessary where the bone of the knee are displaced, unstable, or when the fracture involves joint surfaces. Surgical treatments can include
Open reduction and fixation: involves the reduction (realignment) of the fractured bones and stabilisation using internal plates, screws or pins to maintain position during the healing process. In the case of very severe fracture, an external fixator may be used to provide stability.
Knee arthroscopy: provides direct access to the knee joint for repair of minor fractures or the removal of debris. For more information about knee arthroscopy, and what to expect from the procedure, visit our knee arthroscopy page.
Knee arthroplasty: involves the replacement of one or more damaged parts of the knee with prosthetic components. For more information about knee arthroplasty and what to expect from the procedure, visit our knee arthroplasty page.
Bone grafting: in the case of severe fracture, bone grafts, taken from the patient (autograft) or from a donor (allograft), can be used to repair gaps and promote healing.
Patellectomy: involves the partial or total removal of the kneecap, where the kneecap is considered unsalvagable. Tendons and muscles, where possible, are repaired to preserve knee function.
For further inquiries or to arrange a consultation, please contact Professor Al Muderis’ office at +61 2 88829011 or book an appointment online.